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First, back to the basics - Please make sure you have rebooted your router and computer. Also, make sure you have installed all the latest Microsoft Windows updates and most recent drivers for graphics card. (I know I asked you to try earlier drivers, but since that didn't work, make sure they're updated.) Make sure both Origin.exe and SimCity.exe are running as Administrator.
Oh yes - Important! Reinstall your antivirus program (if you haven't already). Add Origin.exe and SimCity.exe to trusted programs list. You should turn it off during troubleshooting and installations, but you should not be running your computer without antivirus on it. Only the program named BitDefender conflicts with SimCity badly enough to uninstall.
If at all possible, change from WiFi to a wired network connection. Cables are a lot more stable than WiFi, and can help prevent packet loss.
Disable proxies if you're using any.
Copy Update Files to SimCity folder. Go to Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\SimCity\SimCityUserData\Patches\UpdatedApp Select all files (Ctrl-A) and copy (Ctrl-C). Go to \Program Files (x86)\Origin Games\SimCity and paste (Ctrl-V). Choose to overwrite any files that already exist.
Check ports. Check your router and firewall and make sure the following ports are open to SimCity and Origin: UDP - port 442 TCP - port 80, 443, 8080. You might have to Google how to make sure the ports are open; different routers have different permissions and apps to manage them. I can't tell you how to do it; either find the router manufacturer online and look it up, or maybe contact your ISP if you're using one of theirs.
Try running a different game. Pick a newer game from Origin and see if you can run it. If you can, then the problem is SimCity. If you can't, the problem is with Origin.
Run a tracert and ping to easo.ea.com. Output to text file and post it here, like you did with your install log.
Run cmd.exe. Type "tracert easo.ea.com >C:\users\"Your_User_Name"\Desktop\trace.txt" without the quotation marks, substituting your windows user name for "Your_User_Name". That will run for a bit and then put a file called trace.txt on your desktop. If you have problems with the file, you can just have it go to C:\trace.txt and then move it wherever you'd like to keep it.
Run cmd.exe. Type "ping easo.ea.com >C:\users\"Your_User_Name"\Desktop\ping.txt" without the quotation marks, substituting your windows user name for "Your_User_Name". That will run for a bit and then put a file called ping.txt on your desktop. If you have problems with the file, you can just have it go to C:\ping.txt and then move it wherever you'd like to keep it.
Fully uninstall and reinstall Origin. First uninstall SimCity. The link I had for how to manually uninstall SimCity is broken and I can't find it anymore. You can comfortably delete or move the SimCity folders if any are left after the uninstall, at least. You can find the directions to completely uninstall Origin here: https://help.ea.com/en-us/help/origin/origin/manually-uninstalling-origin#hard-way. Remember to run everything as Administrator, and turn off your antivirus program when you do the installs.
As a very last resort, Uninstall Windows Creator Fall Update. I don't recommend this, but it is possible that there is a conflict with Windows 10 Creator version. I know there are many reports of driver conflicts and other problems with the Creator version of Windows. It may not be possible to revert unless you have a clean copy of the earlier version anyway.
I hope we can get some information from the trace and ping if nothing else works. Fingers crossed!