Hm, you got no response at all when you disconnected from the Internet? Well, I think what that tells us is that the game is hanging before it even tries to go to the Internet. I really hope it's the video resolution, then, because otherwise I'm going to be all out of ideas.
1. Try reducing your screen resolution. Right-click desktop, choose screen resolution, and move it down to the lowest resolution possible. Save and exit. Then go back in and revert to the normal resolution and try launching the game.
2. If you have two or more monitors, disable any software utilities for them.
3. Exit Origin; use task manager and end process if you can't get it to close normally. Adjust your screen resolution colors to True Colors (32 bit). (Control Panel - Appearance and Personalization - Adjust Screen Resolution - Advanced - Monitor - Colors.
4. Set Display mode to "Computer Only" Using keyboard, select Windows key + P, there should be a panel that pops up showing showing different computer screen modes. If yours is set to extend or something else, choose "Computer Only", save and relaunch Origin and SimCity
5. In Origin, right-click SimCity icon, choose Game Properties, in the command line arguments window type: -w
"-w" is windowed mode... boot the game in windowed mode. If it launches, then go to the video settings and set to 1920 x 1080 and force the fps to 60 (or whatever matches your screen monitor settings) Go back and remove the -w command line so the game goes full screen.
I really really hope this works for you. I applaud your tenacity - I would be trying everything too. In fact, I have a new pc with a GeForce GTX 1060 that I haven't even set up yet. Keep me posted, all your troubleshooting will be very helpful for me when I try to install on my new PC.